Classification of Homonyms in English - 3158 Words

Contents Introduction 1. Determination of Homonymy 2. Classification of Homonyms A. The standard way of classification (given by I.V. Arnold) a) Homonyms proper b) Homophones c) Homographs B. Classification given by A.I. Smirnitsky a) Full homonyms b) Partial homonyms C. Other aspects of classification 3. Sources of Homonymy 4. Problems of Homonymy a) Distinguishing homonymy from polysemy b) Different meanings of the same homonym in terms of distribution c) Difference between patterned and non-patterned homonymy Conclusion Literature Introduction Language processing considerations have often been used to explain aspects of language structure and evolution. According to Bates and MacWhinney, this view is a kind†¦show more content†¦The term is derived from Greek â€Å"homonymous† (homos – â€Å"the same† and onoma – â€Å"name†) and thus expresses very well the sameness of name combined with the difference in meaning. There is an obvious difference between the meanings of the symbol fast in such combinations as run fast ‘quickly’ and stand fast ‘firmly’. The difference is even more pronounced if we observe cases where fast is a noun or a verb as in the following proverbs: â€Å"A clean fast is better than a dirty breakfast; Who feasts till he is sick, must fast till he is well.† Fast as an isolated word, therefore, may be regarded as a variable that can assume several different values depending on the conditions of usage, or, in other words distribution. All the possible values of each linguistic sign are listed in the dictionaries. It is the duty of lexicographers to define the boundaries of each word, i.e. to differentiate homonyms and to unite variants deciding in each case whether the different meanings belong to the same polysemantic word or whether there are grounds to treat them as two or more separate words identical in form. In speech, however, as a rule only one of all the possible values is determined by the context, so that no ambiguity may normally arise. There is no danger, for instance, that the listener would wish to substitute the meaning ‘quick’ into the sentence: It is absurd to have hard and fast rules about anything, or think thatShow MoreRelatedPrefixation Inthe English Language and Its Role in Enriching the English1658 9 Words   |  67 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 1.1. Affixation in the English language†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 1.2. Degree of derivation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 1.3.Homonymic derivational affixes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Chapter II. Prefixation in the English language†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 2.1. Prefixation. Some debatable problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 2.2. Classification of prefixes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..33 2.3. Productive and non-productive word building prefixes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦41 2.4. Some prefixes in the English language in comparison withRead MoreComparative Lexicology8448 Words   |  34 Pageslexical information. 2. The peculiar features of the English and Ukrainian vocabulary systems. What all this points to is that English vocabulary is really a lot more complicated - and therefore a lot more difficult to learn - than the vocabularies of some other languages. English vocabulary is exceptionally large, and to be fluent in English, you need to have a command of many more words than is the case in some other languages. Furthermore, English is unusual in that it uses word formation systemsRead MoreShortening of Words and Their Features9064 Words   |  37 PagesGeneral definition of homonyms II. The Main Part 1.2. Shortening of spoken words 2.2. Blendening of words 3.2. Back formation 4.2. Back formation as a source for shortening of words III. Conclusion 1.3. Total review of the subject discussed 2.3. The ways of applying of the work IV. Bibliography Introduction 1.1 Common characteristics of the course paper The theme of my course paper sounds as following: â€Å"Type of shortening and their function in Modern English† This course paper canRead MoreTranslation Technique by Molina and Albir6820 Words   |  28 Pagesdiffà ©rentes dà ©finitions et classifications qui ont à ©tà © proposà ©es ainsi que les confusions terminologiques, conceptuelles et de classification qui en ont dà ©coulà ©. Nous donnons ensuite notre dà ©finition de la technique de traduction en la diffà ©renciant de la mà ©thode et de la stratà ©gie de traduction et proposons une approche dynamique et fonctionnelle de celleci. Pour terminer, nous dà ©finissons chacune des diverses techniques de traduction existantes et en prà ©sentons une nouvelle classification. Cette propositionRead MoreEnglish Prefixes and Sufixes2595 Words   |  11 PagesINTRODUCTION There are 3 processes of word formation in English: affixation- addittion of prefixes and sufixes; conversion- use of the word in another class without any changes; and compounding- joining 2 words to form another. This paper identifyies only the first process(affixation), English prefixes and suffixes, meaning e classification of them and it gives some examples. The meanings given here, are not conclusive, but central. Further information can be found in large dictionares, whichRead MoreCommunication Style and Cultural Features in High/Low Context Communication Cultures : a Case Study of Finland, Japan and India5045 Words   |  21 PagesHall and Hall’s table (1990), so our interpretations only lightly touch on the table categorisation. Japan, however, is at the top of the list of high context cultures. Cultural Categories of Communication, and Western vs. Eastern Values Another classification that we find relevant to our study is Lewis’s (2005, p. 89) divi-sion of cultural categories of communication. Lewis divides countries into linear-active, reactive and multi-active cultures (Figure 1). Figure 1. Cultural categories of communicationRead MoreContrastive Lexicology7808 Words   |  32 PagesInternal structure. Scientific methods to leant English and Ukrainian words in Comparison. 5. The semantic unity of a word. Polysemy: types of semantic component. Sema, Semema, semantic field. 6. The main scientific aspects: syntagmatics and paradigmatics in Contrastive lexicology. 7. Contrastive lexicology and Lexicography. 8. Structure of the vocabulary of modern English and Ukrainian. The main groups of words. Colloquial words, the main stock of English and Ukrainian Vocabulary. 9. Morphemic structureRead MoreEssay about Data Quality 2601 Words   |  11 Pagesrepresentation Accessibility Accessibility Access security 11.4. Classification of data quality problems in data sources Data quality problems are classified in two main categories: Single-Source problems and Multi-Source Problems [95]. A brief view of the classification and sub-classification is shown in the figure below that shows some typical problems for the various cases. Figure 11.1 Classification of data quality problems in data sources [95] 11.4.1. Single-sourceRead MoreRhyme2440 Words   |  10 Pagesfrom each other. In verse they are usually placed at the end of the corresponding lines. The word is derived from Old French rime or ryme, which may be derived from Old Frankish *rÄ «m, a Germanic term meaning series, sequence attested in Old English (Old English rÄ «m meaning enumeration, series, numeral) and Old High German rÄ «m, ultimately cognate to Old Irish rà ­m, Greek á ¼â‚¬Ã ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ ¼ÃÅ'Ï‚ arithmos number. Alternatively, the Old French words may derive from Latin rhythmus, from Greek á ¿ ¥Ãâ€¦ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ ¼ÃÅ'Ï‚ (rhythmos, rhythm)Read MoreComponential Analysis and the Study of Meaning11940 Words   |  48 Pagesthose who are literate in it is partially phonemic, but not perfectly so. There are some phonemes which are written with more than one symbol and some which are written with the same symbol, e.g. the identical phonemes of English see and sea and the different phonemes of English read in the expressions will read and have read. Let us suppose, furthermore, that it is the linguists job not only to determine what the phonemes of the language are but to show how they relate to the symbols conventionally